‘In democratic South Africa, we have opportunities to become scientists or researchers – unlike what it was like in the past. This enables many people to contribute to solving global and societal problems. What makes it exciting is to be able to translate what we are taught in formal training to solve real-world problems and use scientific research findings to inform policies and decision-making in various sectors such as energy, climate change, health, transport, etc. It gives one an opportunity to explore ideas. Broadly speaking, computational modelling and simulation refers to the process of creating virtual representations or simulations of real-world systems, allowing researchers and policymakers to study and analyse complex phenomena in a controlled environment or processes using computer software and algorithms.’
This is how Prof Regina Maphanga summarises the field in which she is a leading expert – as well as its important effects on the modern world. She explains: ‘My research interests are focused on developing and applying mathematical, computational and machine learning systems and tools to enable effective decision-making that informs design and optimisation of integrated and complex systems. Essentially, I apply multiscale multi-physics and data-driven modelling and simulation techniques to accelerate the design and development of materials, products and processes, optimise processes and materials properties and support effective decision-making.’
Essence of her work – and global trends
Prof Maphanga is the Principal Researcher and Research Group Leader of the Design and Optimisation Research Group at the Next Generation Enterprises and Institutions Cluster of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). She is also a domain leader of the Department of Science and Innovation Foundational Digital Capability Research Platform – Modelling and Simulation Domain. Her research field ‘entails the use of mathematical equations, data inputs, and computational algorithms to mimic and simulate the behaviour, interactions and outcomes of the system being modelled.’
She adds: ‘This field of science allows researchers, scientists, engineers and decision-makers to study complex systems, explore what-if scenarios, optimise designs, predict outcomes and make informed decisions without the need for costly or time-consuming physical experimentation. Emerging activities within 4IR allow computational modelling and simulation to be more usable, discoverable, and integrate-able with the overall digitalisation and digital transformation. Globally, the current trend in computational modelling research is to combine both the theory-driven and data-driven approaches such as machine learning to design and optimise complex systems. It is our responsibility as scientists to expose and inspire your scientists to exploit the power of 4IR technologies to solve societal problems.
Career path and influences
Where did it all begin? ‘My choice to pursue a career in science was influenced by my primary school teacher, Mr Kgobe. He recognised my proficiency in mathematics and recommended that I be promoted from what was then Standard 3 to Standard 5 (now Grade 5 to Grade 7). His recognition of my academic excellence at an early age prompted me to maintain the highest standards of academic excellence throughout my schooling. I then registered for a Bachelor of Science degree, majoring in mathematics and physics – and the rest followed spontaneously. At the tender age of 26, I qualified with a PhD in Physics, specialising in computational modelling of energy materials.’
‘During early days of my career, I had the privilege of become a Junior Associate at the esteemed Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Italy. I later became a Junior Associate at what was then the National Institute of Theoretical Physics (NITheP), which has evolved into NITheCS. The Institute offers benefits that enable academics and researchers to achieve their career goals. For example, personally I benefited from a variety of NITheCS support programmes, such as research funding, a writing retreat, student bursary, etc. The Institute plays a major role in supporting theoretical and computational research across the fields.
Prof Maphanga regards young scientists’ programmes such as the World Economic Forum Young Scientist and the BRICS Young Scientists Forum very highly and she contributes to a number of programmes on teaching physics and promotion of public understanding of science, engineering and technology in SA. Furthermore, her passion for science communication has led to distinguished awards for her outstanding contribution in science, engineering and technology locally. She has also written numerous science communication essays, such as for Science, the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Finding solutions in a complex world
Prof Maphanga comments on the realities of today’s complex challenges to society: ‘The critical cross-cutting nature of computational modelling and simulation in advanced systems underpinning many of the modern technologies and high value products cannot be overstated. Modelling and simulation enable us to predict, optimise, visualise and control complex systems. Essentially, we use models in our everyday lives without considering “or knowing” that they are models and increasingly depend on technologies that deliver the models. For example, various models are embedded in applications of smartphone devices.’
She also cites materials development as an example: ‘In the case of materials, computational modelling makes it possible to examine the composition of various substances at molecular level. By using computers, physics theories and experimental information, scientists can design and probe materials’ properties in conditions which are difficult to perform – or not possible experimentally, such as burning something at a very high temperature, which is practically impossible in the lab. Understanding and managing these types of reactions can improve the efficiency and durability of materials or the design of more environmentally friendly materials.’
She states: ‘The world is changing rapidly and becoming increasingly complex. Whilst the 20th century industries were characterised by complicated systems underpinned by efficiency and optimisation, the 21st century is characterised by integrated complex systems underpinned by new approaches that require interdisciplinary science and skills. Today’s dynamism requires collaboration across disciplines. In today’s world, no real-world problem can be solved by a single discipline, as we live in an interconnected world. Hence, interdisciplinary collaboration has become more important than ever before.’
Final thoughts
Prof Maphanga again considers the future: ‘With the high rate of unemployment in SA, I challenge the new generation of scientists to think beyond academic and research careers, and devise ways of creating jobs. They should envision themselves as employers, rather than employees. This will help create jobs for other graduates and communities.’
She also shares her favourite quote for young people who wish to pursue a career in science: ‘Learn as much as you can while young, since life becomes busy later,’ (Dana Scott).